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  <title>ValueFurnace EN</title>
  <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/</link>
  <description>Engineering, Trends, Tech Info &amp; Reports</description>
  <language>en-US</language>
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  <item>
    <title>Gold, Silver, Copper</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/367</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/367</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[Gold, silver, and copper, all core non-ferrous metals vital to modern electronics and mechanical industries, share a face-centered cubic lattice structure. However, they possess distinct mechanical properties—absolute chemical stability (gold), extreme thermal and electrical conductivity (silver), and an excellent balance of mechanical strength and conductivity relative to cost (copper)—which strictly separates their application layers within industry.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Sat, 09 May 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Rigidity and Stiffness</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/340</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/340</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[The rigidity of a material represents its resistance to deformation. Clearly understand its definition, various types including axial, bending, shear, and torsional rigidity, as well as the key formulas!]]></description>
    <pubDate>Fri, 27 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Thermal Properties of Water/Steam</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/338</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/338</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This article explains the concepts of thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams for water/steam.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Thu, 26 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Open-Channel Flow</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/337</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/337</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[Fluid mechanics, hydraulics, hydraulic radius, open channel flow, open channel, hydraulic jump, critical depth, specific energy]]></description>
    <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Drag and Lift</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/336</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/336</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[Learn the definitions, characteristics, and calculation principles of drag and lift, which are core concepts in fluid dynamics. From resistance to motion to aircraft flight and stall prevention, explore the hidden forces within fluids now!]]></description>
    <pubDate>Tue, 24 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Refrigeration Cycle</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/335</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/335</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[From the definition of the refrigeration cycle to the reversed Carnot cycle, COP and IPLV efficiency calculations, and the operating principles of refrigerators and heat pumps, this covers the key concepts. Fully understand and optimize the energy efficiency of thermal systems!]]></description>
    <pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Section Modulus and Polar Section Modulus</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/334</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/334</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[We have summarized the key concepts of section modulus and polar section modulus, which determine the bending strength and torsional resistance of structures. Discover the secret to safe and robust design through these two essential concepts!]]]></description>
    <pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Bolt Tightening Methods</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/333</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/333</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[Explore the key methods of high-strength bolt fastening and tightening (torque, angle, yield point tightening, etc.), and learn the advantages of high-productivity fastening without noise. Discover the optimal solution for robust and stable connections now!]]></description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 22 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Carbon Steel</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/332</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/332</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[Learn in detail about the definition, characteristics, and various types of carbon steel according to carbon content. From automotive parts to tools, you can easily and clearly understand everything about carbon steel, which is widely used across many applications.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 22 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Heat Pump</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/331</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/331</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[Heat pumps harness external heat sources for simultaneous heating and cooling, offering significant energy savings of over 60-70% compared to traditional electric heaters. Explore how their high efficiency (COP 4.0 and above) and cutting-edge cold climate and geothermal technologies enable smart, sustainable energy conservation.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Sat, 21 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Heat Affected Zone (HAZ)</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/310</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/310</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post defines the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) in welding, explaining the microstructural changes that occur in the base metal due to welding heat without melting. It details the specific zones (Embrittlement, Granular Pearlite, Fine Grain, Coarse Grain, Bond) and their characteristics, such as hardness increase and toughness decrease, along with management methods like pre/post-heating.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Superconductor</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/309</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/309</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post introduces Superconductors, defining them as materials with zero electrical resistance and the Meissner effect below a critical transition temperature (Tc). It covers the history of discovery (Onnes, 1911), BCS theory, and applications such as MRI, Maglev trains, and Nuclear Fusion (Tokamak) utilizing superconducting magnets.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Wed, 28 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Types of Metal Atomic Bonding</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/307</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/307</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post explains the three primary types of atomic bonding: Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic. It defines each bond type, describes their characteristics (e.g., melting points, conductivity), and provides examples such as Sodium Chloride for ionic, Hydrogen for covalent, and general metals for metallic bonds.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Pre-treatment / Surface Pre-treatment</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/306</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/306</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post defines Surface Pre-treatment as a crucial step to obtain a quality coating film by creating appropriate surface roughness. It details standards (SSPC) and methods like Blast Cleaning. It specifically explains the grades of surface preparation from Solvent Cleaning (SP1) to White Metal Blast Cleaning (SP5), ensuring proper adhesion for painting.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Fri, 23 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Cleaning and Rust Prevention</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/305</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/305</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post categorizes Cleaning and Rust Prevention processes in mechanical engineering. It classifies cleaning agents by manufacturing method, usage, and properties (water-based, non-water-based) and explains the cleaning principles like surface tension reduction and emulsification. It also details rust prevention (anti-rust) agents, their required specifications (water displacement, removal ease), and application methods.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Wed, 21 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Screw</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/304</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/304</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post covers the general specifications and mechanics of Screws. It details the types of threads (Metric, Unified, Square), defines key dimensions (Major/Minor/Pitch Diameter), and explains the mechanical formulas for torque, self-locking conditions, and efficiency. It also discusses methods to prevent screws from loosening.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Mon, 19 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Stall</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/303</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/303</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post explains the phenomenon of Stall in aerodynamics, where lift decreases rapidly when the Angle of Attack (AoA) exceeds the critical point. It defines key terms like Airfoil and Critical AoA, and discusses the causes and prevention of stalls, emphasizing that stall depends solely on AoA, regardless of speed or weight.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Anodizing</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/302</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/302</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post covers Anodizing, a surface treatment process primarily for aluminum. It explains the principle of forming an oxide film using the metal as an anode. It classifies the process into Soft Anodizing (decoration), Hard Anodizing (durability, insulation), and PEO (Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation), detailing their features and industrial applications.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Tooth Profile (Involute, Cycloid)</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/301</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/301</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post explains the concept of Gear Tooth Profiles, specifically Involute and Cycloid curves. It defines Pressure Angle and details the characteristics of Involute gears (easy manufacturing, high compatibility) versus Cycloid gears (uniform wear, high precision). It includes visual diagrams for each profile type.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Mon, 12 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Knocking</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/300</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/300</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post defines Knocking as an abnormal combustion phenomenon in engines accompanied by noise and vibration. It contrasts the causes and prevention measures for Gasoline (SI) and Diesel (CI) engines. Gasoline knocking is caused by early ignition or high temperature/pressure (requires higher Octane), while Diesel knocking is caused by ignition delay (requires higher Cetane).]]></description>
    <pubDate>Fri, 09 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Octane Number and Cetane Number</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/299</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/299</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post describes Octane Number and Cetane Number, which are performance indicators for gasoline and diesel fuels, respectively. It explains that Octane Number measures knock resistance in gasoline engines (based on Iso-octane), while Cetane Number measures ignition quality in diesel engines (based on Cetane). It compares the opposite conditions for knocking in both engine types.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Wed, 07 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Inverter</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/298</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/298</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post defines the Inverter from both electrical and industrial perspectives. It explains the principle of converting DC to AC and controlling motor speed by varying frequency. It also provides the formula for synchronous speed and classifies inverters by use (power/motor), circuit type (Current/Voltage source), and control method (PAM/PWM).]]></description>
    <pubDate>Mon, 05 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Refrigerant</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/297</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/297</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post explains the definition and functions of refrigerants, including the distinction between primary and secondary refrigerants. It covers the evolution of refrigerants from Ammonia to CFCs, HFCs, and the latest HFOs, and details the requirements for ideal refrigerants such as thermodynamic properties and low GWP (Global Warming Potential).]]></description>
    <pubDate>Sat, 03 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Coolant</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/296</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/296</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post discusses Coolant (Antifreeze), focusing on its definition, role in engine thermal management, and prevention of freezing. It details the properties of Ethylene Glycol (EG) and Propylene Glycol (PG), the importance of mixing ratios with water (soft water), and guidelines for maintenance and replacement to prevent corrosion and overheating.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Painting</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/295</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/295</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post outlines the purpose and procedures of painting (coating application). It describes the equipment and steps involved, from surface pre-treatment (degreasing, pickling, conversion coating) to mixing, application, and drying. It also categorizes painting methods (Air spray, Airless spray, Electrodeposition, etc.) and quality control instruments.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Paint</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/294</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/294</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post details the definition, composition, and types of paint. It distinguishes between paint (liquid), coating film (solid finish), and painting (process). It covers the roles of resins, hardeners, solvents, additives, and pigments, and classifies paints such as Urethane, Epoxy, Alkyd, and Fluorine resins.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Mon, 29 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Cryogenics</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/293</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/293</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post defines cryogenics (temperatures below 90K or 4.2K) and explores phenomena like quantum effects and superfluidity observable at these temperatures. It explains the principles of achieving cryogenic temperatures, focusing on the Joule-Thomson effect and adiabatic expansion.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Sat, 27 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Internal Combustion Engine</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/292</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/292</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post defines Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) and compares them with external combustion engines. It details the operating principles of 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines, firing orders, and key terminology such as stroke volume, compression ratio, overlap, and blowdown. It also classifies engines based on fuel, ignition method (SI vs. CI), and thermodynamic cycles (Otto, Diesel, Sabathe).]]></description>
    <pubDate>Fri, 26 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Gas Turbine</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/291</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/291</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post outlines the definition, configuration (Compressor, Combustor, Turbine), and characteristics of Gas Turbines. It details the thermodynamic cycles associated with gas turbines, primarily the Brayton Cycle, and compares it with other cycles like Stirling, Ericsson, Lenoir, and Atkinson cycles.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Fri, 26 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Types and Characteristics of Magnetic Materials</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/290</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/290</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post classifies magnetic materials into Ferromagnetic, Paramagnetic, Diamagnetic, and Nonmagnetic types based on their response to external magnetic fields. It explains the underlying physical principles, such as electron spin alignment and magnetic moments, and details key characteristics like magnetic susceptibility and Curie temperature.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Throttling and Diffuser</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/289</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/289</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post explains the principles of Throttling, Nozzles, Orifices, and Diffusers in fluid mechanics. It details the energy conversion between pressure and velocity for each device (e.g., Nozzles convert pressure to velocity, Diffusers do the reverse) and covers key concepts such as adiabatic expansion, critical pressure, and flow measurement.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Absolute Work and Technical Work</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/288</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/288</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[This post explains the concepts of Absolute Work (Moving Boundary Work) and Technical Work (Shaft Work) in thermodynamics. It covers the definitions, calculation formulas ($\int P dV$ vs $\int V dP$), and graphical representations of both work types. It also provides comparative equations for various state changes such as ideal gas, isothermal, adiabatic, and polytropic processes.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>ESG</title>
    <link>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/287</link>
    <guid>https://www.valuefurnace.com/en/post/287</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) is a set of non-financial performance indicators used to evaluate a company's sustainability and ethical impact. Unlike CSR, which focuses on social contribution, ESG is a critical metric for investment decisions and management stability. This post covers the definition, evaluation systems (MSCI, KCGS), and core components of ESG.]]></description>
    <pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0900</pubDate>
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